Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) – Uses, Side Effects, and More

Vyvanse, a prescription stimulant containing lisdexamfetamine, is primarily used to treat ADHD and binge eating disorder [1]. As an extended-release amphetamine-type medication, Vyvanse works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps improve attention, concentration, and impulse control. It is available by prescription in various forms, including chewable tablets, capsules, and oral solutions, with strengths ranging from 10 mg to 70 mg. 

This article explores the uses, mechanism of action, dosage forms, and side effects of Vyvanse. It also covers safety, interactions with other medications, and a comparison with other ADHD medications like Adderall. 

What is Vyvanse

Vyvanse is an extended-release prescription stimulant (lisdexamfetamine) prescribed for the treatment of binge eating disorder and ADHD. It is a stimulant that elevates the brain’s levels of norepinephrine and dopamine. This helps with attention, concentration, and impulse control [2]. Vyvanse is available as a brand-name medication in capsule, tablet, and oral solution forms. It is an extended-release medication that should be taken once daily.

What Is Vyvanse Used for?

The US FDA approves Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) for managing ADHD in adults and children aged six years and older, as well as for treating moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults. It is commonly prescribed to reduce symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, it is not indicated for weight loss or narcolepsy. For adults with BED, Vyvanse is used to decrease the number of binge eating episodes. 

How is lisdexamfetamine activated (mechanism of action)?

Vyvanse is a prodrug, meaning it is converted into its active form, dextroamphetamine, in the body. Lisdexamfetamine itself is inactive until it is enzymatically converted into dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine then increases the release and availability of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine at nerve terminals, which enhances concentration and attention [3]. Because it is a prodrug, Vyvanse has a smoother and longer-lasting effect compared to some other stimulants. 

How is Lisdexamfetamine Administered (Strength and Form)? 

Vyvanse is available in capsule, chewable tablet, and oral solution forms, with strengths ranging from 10 mg to 70 mg. It is typically administered once daily in the morning. 

• The capsules and chewable tablets are available in strengths of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, and 70 mg. 

• An oral solution (10 mg/mL) is also available. 

• Treatment typically begins at a low dose (usually 30 mg) and may be adjusted to a maximum of 70 mg once daily, depending on the patient’s response [5]. 

How do I store lisdexamfetamine?

• Store Vyvanse at room temperature, away from heat and moisture, in a tightly closed, light-resistant container. 

• Capsules and chewable tablets should be stored between 68–77°F (20–25°C). Do not store it in a bathroom or other humid areas. 

• If using the oral solution, store it at room temperature (68–77°F) with the cap tightly closed and discard any remaining solution 30 days after opening. 

• Keep Vyvanse out of the reach of children and pets. 

Vyvanse Side Effects

What are the most frequent Vyvanse side effects?

Common side effects include decreased appetite, dry mouth, insomnia, anxiety, and abdominal pain. 

• Many patients experience weight loss, decreased appetite, and insomnia when they first start taking Vyvanse [6]. 

• Dry mouth, headache, irritability, and dizziness are also common. 

• Some people may experience a faster heartbeat, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, or feelings of jitteriness. Most of these side effects diminish after a few days or weeks as the body adjusts. 

If side effects worsen or persist, patients should consult their physician. 

What are some serious side effects of Vyvanse?

Although rare, serious side effects can include cardiovascular events, psychiatric problems, and vascular issues. As a stimulant, Vyvanse can increase heart rate and blood pressure. In very rare cases, it can cause serious cardiac problems like heart attack, stroke, or fatal arrhythmias. 

• Symptoms may include chest pain, dizziness, or weakness. 

• Vyvanse may also cause severe psychiatric side effects, such as hallucinations, agitation, hostility, or suicidal thoughts. 

• Combining it with other serotonergic drugs can lead to serotonin syndrome. 

• Vascular side effects like Raynaud’s phenomenon (numbness in hands or feet, or unexplained ulcers) have been reported. 

• Other serious side effects can include priapism (an erection lasting longer than an hour) and slowed growth in children. 

Vyvanse has a boxed warning for its potential for abuse and dependence. Overdosing is dangerous, so the medication must be taken exactly as directed. 

Is Vyvanse constipating, or does it have another effect in women?

Yes, digestive side effects like constipation can occur. 

Constipation was reported as a common side effect in clinical trials, particularly among those taking Vyvanse for binge eating disorder. Stomach discomfort or changes in bowel habits are possible. There are no side effects exclusive to men or women; health sources indicate that both genders experience similar side effects. However, patients who are pregnant or lactating should be aware that stimulants can affect the well-being of the infant and the pregnancy. 

Is Vyvanse a Controlled Substance?

Yes, Vyvanse is a Schedule II controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence. Like other amphetamine-based medications such as Adderall, Vyvanse has a high potential for abuse. It carries an FDA boxed warning for this risk. A prescription is required, and its use is strictly regulated. The DEA classifies Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) as a Schedule II drug, meaning it is under strict control and available only with a physician’s prescription. This is because taking more than the prescribed dose can lead to severe cardiovascular or psychiatric side effects. 

Similar and Related ADHD Medications

Comparison of Vyvanse with Adderall

Vyvanse and Adderall are both stimulant medications used for ADHD, but they differ in their formulation and duration of action. 

• Adderall contains a mix of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts and is available in both immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR) forms. Vyvanse, on the other hand, is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine, which means it must be metabolized by the body to become active. 

• This results in a delayed onset for Vyvanse (about 1–2 hours) and a longer, smoother duration of effect (up to 10–14 hours). 

• Adderall IR has a quicker onset (30–60 minutes) and a shorter duration (4–6 hours), while Adderall XR lasts for about 8–12 hours. 

Many patients report that Vyvanse has fewer peaks and less of an “end-of-day crash” compared to Adderall IR. Both medications work by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine to improve concentration; one is not inherently stronger, but Vyvanse’s effects last longer.

Other stimulant and non-stimulant drugs for ADHD

Other stimulant medications for ADHD include methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and other amphetamine-based drugs like Dexedrine or Focalin [7]. These medications also increase dopamine and norepinephrine, but have different onsets and durations of action. 

Non-stimulant options for ADHD are also available, such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and the alpha-2 agonists clonidine (Kapvay) and guanfacine (Intuniv). Unlike stimulants, these are not controlled substances and typically take longer to become effective, working by affecting norepinephrine systems or other brain receptors. Doctors might prescribe non-stimulants if a patient does not respond to stimulants or experiences unacceptable side effects. A physician should always determine the most appropriate ADHD medication for an individual.

Warnings & Precautions

Who shouldn’t take Vyvanse?

Vyvanse is contraindicated for patients with certain medical conditions. 

• It should not be given to individuals with symptomatic cardiovascular disease, severe arteriosclerosis, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or a known hypersensitivity to stimulants. 

• It is also contraindicated for patients who have taken an MAOI antidepressant within the last 14 days, as this can cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure. 

• Vyvanse should not be prescribed to patients with glaucoma, a history of agitation or severe anxiety, psychosis, or a personal or family history of tics or Tourette’s syndrome. 

In summary, Vyvanse is not recommended for individuals with severe heart disease, unstable psychiatric conditions, or recent MAOI use. 

What information should I provide to my provider before taking Vyvanse?

Inform your physician about all your medical conditions and the medications you are taking. 

• Mention any heart conditions (like abnormal rhythms or hypertension), psychiatric history (such as bipolar disorder, depression, or psychosis), or a history of drug or alcohol abuse. 

• Also, tell your doctor if you have glaucoma, a thyroid illness, or a seizure disorder. 

• Women who are pregnant or lactating should inform their practitioner, as Vyvanse can affect fetal development and is present in breast milk. 

• Provide a list of all prescription and over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements, and vitamins you use. 

This allows your doctor to avoid harmful drug interactions (e.g., with MAOIs or certain antidepressants) and determine if Vyvanse is safe for you. Always follow your doctor’s advice and report any questions or unusual symptoms. 

Interactions

Does Vyvanse affect food, beverages, or vitamins?

While there are no major food interactions, the acidity of what you consume can affect Vyvanse absorption. Vyvanse can be taken with or without food. However, acidic substances like vitamin C (found in orange juice or supplements) can reduce the drug’s blood levels. 

Consuming ascorbic acid or orange juice around the same time as your dose may decrease its absorption. Conversely, highly alkaline urine can increase Vyvanse levels. It is generally recommended to avoid consuming large amounts of vitamin C or acidic drinks within 2 hours of taking your Vyvanse dose. Caffeinated beverages, such as coffee and energy drinks, can heighten stimulant effects, leading to increased jitteriness or a rapid heart rate; therefore, they should be consumed with caution. 

Drug interactions with lisdexamfetamine

Vyvanse can have serious drug interactions. It should not be taken with MAOIs due to the risk of a hypertensive crisis. 

• Since Vyvanse increases both norepinephrine and serotonin, taking it with other serotonergic drugs (like SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, or tramadol) can lead to serotonin syndrome. 

• Combining Vyvanse with other stimulants (such as pseudoephedrine or phentermine) can significantly raise blood pressure and heart rate. 

• Patients on medication for hypertension should be aware that stimulants can decrease the effectiveness of their blood pressure drugs. 

Inform your physician about all medications and supplements you are taking so that your dosage can be adjusted or side effects can be monitored. Your doctor will need to monitor your blood pressure and heart rate more closely when you begin taking Vyvanse. 

Overdose and Missed Dose

What do I do if I overdosed on Vyvanse?

An overdose of Vyvanse is a medical emergency and requires immediate professional treatment. Symptoms of an overdose include severe restlessness or agitation, rapid pulse, high blood pressure, fever, tremors, confusion, hallucinations, and seizures. It can also lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, or stroke-like symptoms (such as numbness or weakness). In extreme cases, an overdose can be fatal. If you suspect an overdose, call emergency services immediately. Do not take more than your prescribed dose. 

What happens if I forget to take a dose?

If you miss a dose of Vyvanse, take it as soon as you remember, but only if it is still morning. If it is already afternoon or evening, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule the next day. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed one. Because the medication is long-acting, a missed morning dose should not be compensated for later in the day. Try to take your dose at the same time each morning to maintain a consistent routine. 

FAQs

Is Vyvanse stronger than Adderall?

Not necessarily. While both are potent stimulants for ADHD, one is not inherently stronger than the other. Adderall enters the brain faster and may have a stronger initial feeling, whereas Vyvanse’s effects last longer. The overall effect depends on the dosage and an individual’s response. 

What is the drug Vyvanse used to treat?

Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) works by stimulating brain chemicals to improve attention and impulse control. The body converts it into dextroamphetamine, which increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. This can help calm individuals with ADHD and keep them alert. 

What is the disadvantage of Vyvanse?

The main disadvantages of Vyvanse are its side effects and potential for abuse. Common side effects include insomnia, loss of appetite, restlessness, and dry mouth. As a powerful stimulant, it carries risks of high blood pressure, mood swings, and addiction. Its potential for abuse and serious cardiovascular complications is noted in a boxed warning. 

Is Vyvanse as taste-resembling as Adderall?

Vyvanse and Adderall are both stimulants and feel similar, but they have slightly different effect profiles. Adderall IR acts quickly (within 30 minutes) and can feel like it has a faster “kick,” while Vyvanse has a more gradual onset (around 1–2 hours). Many people report that Vyvanse feels smoother and lasts longer, whereas Adderall IR can have higher peaks and harder crashes. 

Does Vyvanse calm anxiety?

No, Vyvanse is not an anti-anxiety medication and can worsen anxiety in some individuals. As a stimulant, it can cause nervousness or jitteriness, which may feel like anxiety. Vyvanse is not approved to treat anxiety disorders. 

Get Help for Vyvanse or Other Stimulant Use

If you or a loved one is addicted to Vyvanse or another stimulant, help is available. Alliance Recovery is a licensed treatment center for substance abuse and mental health.

Contact Alliance Recovery today at (844) 287-8506.

Sources

[1] https://www.goodrx.com/vyvanse/common-side-effects?srsltid=AfmBOopk_NQitqeN8Rf8KsM1fbrbyV0I_vdbOeh8a-KJQP4iexD86oA0

[2] https://reference.medscape.com/drug/vyvanse-arynta-lisdexamfetamine-342993

[3] https://www.verywellhealth.com/comparing-vyvanse-vs-adderall-7484018

[4] https://www.singlecare.com/blog/is-vyvanse-stronger-than-adderall/

[5] https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/lisdexamfetamine-dimesylate-oral-route/description/drg-20070888

[6] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-vyvanse-side-effects

[7] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325481